3D printing in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction
Computer-assisted surgery and 3D printing have led to a paradigm shift in the clinical practice of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. We will summarize our clinical studies in the use of 3D printing in tumor resection, microsurgical reconstruction, fracture, orthognathic surgery, and temporomandibular joint surgery. Our results showed that 3D printing increased surgical efficiency, improved surgical accuracy, facilitated complicated procedures, enhanced predictability and repeatability of surgery, which lead to the consistently favorable outcomes. The limitations will also be discussed. With the combination of new technologies such as augmented reality and artificial intelligence, 3D printing will further shape the future of surgery.

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